{"created":"2023-05-15T15:18:29.550767+00:00","id":4887,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"0a59ca22-df5c-439b-995d-ebcdcd12bd81"},"_deposit":{"created_by":12,"id":"4887","owners":[12],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"4887"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:obihiro.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004887","sets":["6:8"]},"author_link":["6817"],"item_3_alternative_title_1":{"attribute_name":"その他（別言語等）のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"A study on habitat and distribution survey and physical control of house dust mites and mosquitoes around human dwellings in Japan","subitem_alternative_title_language":"en"}]},"item_3_date_granted_12":{"attribute_name":"学位授与年月日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_dategranted":"2023-03-20"}]},"item_3_degree_grantor_10":{"attribute_name":"学位授与機関","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_degreegrantor":[{"subitem_degreegrantor_language":"ja","subitem_degreegrantor_name":"帯広畜産大学"}],"subitem_degreegrantor_identifier":[{"subitem_degreegrantor_identifier_name":"10105","subitem_degreegrantor_identifier_scheme":"kakenhi"}]}]},"item_3_degree_name_9":{"attribute_name":"学位名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_degreename":"博士（獣医学）","subitem_degreename_language":"ja"}]},"item_3_description_11":{"attribute_name":"学位授与年度","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"2022","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_description_18":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_description_7":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"衛生害虫という言葉の概念は幅広く、様々な定義が存在するが、法的には「医薬品、医療機器等の品質、有効性及び安全性の確保に関する法律」に基づく感染症を媒介する害虫で、ゴキブリ、ハエ（ 成虫・幼虫 ）、蚊（ 成虫・幼虫 ）、ノミ、シラミ、トコジラミ、イエダニ、屋内塵性ダニ、マダニがこれに該当する。わが国では、これまで、マラリア、日本脳炎、デング熱、フィラリアなど様々な害虫媒介性感染症に悩まされ、これらを制圧してきた歴史があるが、常に新たな害虫媒介性疾病の問題が生じている。例えば、住宅の気密化によって、屋内塵性ダニ、特にヒョウヒダニのアレルゲンとして重要性が認識された。これに対しては、居住空間へのくん煙製剤が有効であることが知られているが、重要な生息場所である布団については、布団内の生息分布が不明なため、その対策は明確になっていない。また、物流の発達や地球温暖化により、わが国でのデング熱の再興やチクングニア熱の侵入の懸念が増⼤している。\n以上のような背景のもと、本研究では重要な衛生害虫でありながら生息分布や生態的習性の詳細が不明な、屋内塵性ダニと、新興・再興感染症の媒介者として重要性が高いと想定される人家周辺生息蚊を対象として、その生息分布と生態的習性を明らかにし、適切な防除、特に物理的な対策に焦点をあて、その実用可能性を検討した。\n第１章では、屋内塵性ダニの主要な生息場所である敷布団のダニ相、密度および空間分布を明らかにした。全国から20 サンプル収集し、従来の電気掃除機による表面の塵採集法ではなく、布団の5 カ所から一部 ( 5 cm×5 cm ) を切り取り、上層、中層、下層の3 層に分けて洗い出し法によってダニの全数調査を行った。その結果、敷布団の主要なダニは、アレルゲンとして重要であるヤケヒョウヒダニとコナヒョウヒダニであり、2 種の構成比率は布団サンプルによって⼤きく異なった。脱皮殻を含めたダニ密度は72,088 個体/ m2 で、学校における管理基準の100 個体/ m2 に比べ、非常に高い密度であった。また、5 カ所の採集ポイント間ではダニ数に有意な差は認められなかったが、布団の上端と下端では中層に多く、布団中央部3 カ所では下層に多くのダニが認められた。中層と表層（ 上層と下層 ）のダニの分布比率は布団サンプルによって⼤きく異なり、表層に分布するダニの割合は15.6%から94.3%であった。以上から、布団内のダニ種構成や空間分布は各家庭の変異が非常に⼤きく、各家庭における微細気象、室内温湿度、布団干しや掃除機掛けなどの生活習慣によって⼤きく影響されていると考えられた。\n敷布団の表層だけでなく薬剤が浸透しにくい中層にもダニが分布していることが明らかになったことから、簡便に密封空間を低酸素状態にする脱酸素剤の殺ダニ効果について検討した。鉄系とアスコルビン酸系の2 タイプの脱酸素剤を用いてバリア袋内でのヤケヒョウヒダニとコナヒョウヒダニの致死効果を調べた結果、鉄系のもので2日間以上密封すれば、両種のダニの成虫だけでなく卵も100％致死させることができたことから、布団内部のダニに対する脱酸素剤の有用性が示された。\n第2 章では、デング熱媒介蚊であるヒトスジシマカ成虫の住宅地における移動範囲を明らかにした。緑地が点在する住宅地で個体マーキング法を用いて調査を行った結果、異なる地点で再捕獲された個体は、平均で75.3 m、最⼤で187 m を移動していることが明らかになった。このことは、デング熱やチクングニア熱がわが国で発生した場合、発生地域での重点的な生息緑地を把握し、そこからおおよそ半径100 m の範囲の緑地に殺虫剤を優先的に処理することが重要であることを示唆している。最近、我が国で約70 年ぶりにデング熱が国内発生したが、本知見を基にして行政の蚊成虫対策範囲が決定された。\n加えて、夜間に屋内に侵入し、ヒトから吸血を行うチカイエカに対する物理的な防除方法を検討した。蚊の休息場所として暗がりを選好する習性を利用したBox Trap について、捕獲数を高めるための構造や色、設置場所、設置個数について検討を行い、それぞれの要因について捕獲率を増加させる形状や色（ 開口部：9 cm L× 2〜9 cmW、遮光板角度：45°、天板色：赤か⿊ ）があることを明らかにした。また、トラップの設置位置は床面から80 cm くらいまでの高さが適切であることが分かった。更に、期待される捕獲（防除）効果を得るために必要なトラップ設置個数を、実験的に算出できる可能性が示されたことから、防除への実用可能性が示唆された。\n以上、本研究では、屋内塵性ダニの布団内での分布が明らかにするとともに、これにより、薬剤を浸透させることが難しい布団内部のダニに対する対策の端緒として、脱酸素剤による物理的防除の有効性を示した。また、ヒトスジシマカの市街地における移動範囲を明らかにした研究結果は、デング熱国内発生時の薬剤散布範囲の策定に直接的に寄与した。加えて、チカイエカの屋内侵入を想定し、捕獲率を最⼤にするBox Trap の構造や色、配置場所を明らかにし、物理的防除の可能性を提示することができた。","subitem_description_language":"ja","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"Although the concept of \"sanitary pest\" is broad and various definitions exist, legally, they are pests that transmit infectious diseases based on the \"Act on Quality, Efficacy and Safety Assurance of Drugs and Medical Devices,\" and include cockroaches, flies (adults and larvae), mosquitoes (adults and larvae), fleas, lice, bed bugs, house tropical red mites, house dust mites, and ticks fall into this category. Japan has suffered from a variety of pest-borne infectious diseases such as malaria, Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, and filariasis, and has a history of controlling these diseases, but new pest-borne disease problems are constantly emerging. For example, the airtightness of housing has led to the recognition of the importance of house dust mites, especially the Dermatophagoides mite, as an allergen. Although it is known that a smoke formulation in the living space is effective against this problem, measures for Japanese mattress, an important habitat, are not clear because the distribution of the habitat within the Japanese mattress is unknown. In addition, the development of logistics and global warming have increased concerns about the resurgence of dengue fever and the invasion of chikungunya fever in our country.\nAgainst this background, this study focused on house dust mites, which are important sanitary pests but the details of their habitat distribution and ecological habits are unknown, and mosquitoes living around human dwellings, which are assumed to be highly important as vectors of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. The practical feasibility of appropriate control measures, especially physical measures, was discussed in this study.\nIn Chapter 1, the fauna, density, and spatial distribution in Japanese mattress, the primary habitat of house dust mites, were clarified. Twenty samples were collected from all over Japan, and instead of using the conventional surface dust collection method with an electric vacuum cleaner, a portion ( 5 cm x 5 cm ) was cut from five locations on the Japanese mattress and divided into three layers (upper, middle, and lower) to investigate the total number of mites by the washing out method. The results showed that the major mites in the Japanese mattress were the mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and the D. farinae , which are important allergens, and the composition ratio of the two species varied greatly among the mattress samples. The density of mites, including exuviae, was 72,088 individuals/m2, which was very high compared to the control standard of 100 individuals/m2 at schools in Japan. Although there was no significant difference in the number of mites among the five collection points, more mites were found in the middle layer at the upper and lower ends of the mattress, and in the lower layer at the three collection points in the center of the mattress. The distribution ratio of mites in the middle and surface layers (upper and lower layers) varied greatly among the mattress samples, with the percentage of mites in the surface layer ranging from 15.6% to 94.3%. These results suggested that the mite species composition and spatial distribution in the mattress vary greatly from household to household, and are greatly influenced by the microclimate, indoor temperature and humidity, and lifestyle habits of each household, such as drying and vacuuming the mattress.\nSince it was found that mites were distributed not only in the surface layer of the mattress but also in the middle layer, which is difficult for the agent to penetrate, the mite-killing effect of oxygen absorbers that can easily create a low-oxygen state in the sealed space was examined. The results showed that the iron-based oxygen absorber was effective in killing 100% of both adult and egg mites in the barrier bag, indicating that the oxygen absorber is effective in killing mites inside the mattress. This shows the usefulness of oxygen absorbers against mites inside mattresses.\nIn Chapter 2, the migratory range of adult Aedes albopictus, a dengue vector mosquito, in residential areas was clarified. The results of a survey using the individual marking method in a residential area dotted with green spaces revealed that individuals recaptured at different locations moved an average of 75.3 meters and a maximum of 187 meters. This suggested that if dengue or chikungunya fever occurs in our country, it is important to identify priority habitat green areas in the outbreak area and prioritize insecticide treatments in green areas within an approximate radius of 100 m from these areas. Recently, Japan experienced its first domestic outbreak of dengue fever in about 70 years, and the scope of mosquito adult control measures by the government was determined based on this knowledge.\nIn addition, physical control methods for Culex pipiens form molestus, which invade indoors at night and suck blood from humans, were studied. The structure, color, location, and number of Box Traps, which take advantage of the mosquitoes' preference for dark places as resting places, were examined to determine which shapes and colors (opening: 9 cm L x 2 to 9 cm W, shading plate angle: 45°, top plate color: red or black) would increase the capture rate for each of the factors. It was found that it is appropriate to place the trap at a height of up to about 80 cm from the floor. Furthermore, the possibility of experimentally calculating the number of traps required to achieve the expected capture (control) effect was demonstrated, suggesting the practical feasibility of pest control. \nIn conclusion, this study clarified the distribution of indoor dust mites in futons, and demonstrated the effectiveness of physical control with oxygen scavengers as a beginning of countermeasures against mites inside futons, which are difficult to penetrate with chemicals. In addition, the results of this study, which clarified the movement range of Aedes albopictus in urban areas, directly contributed to the formulation of the scope of chemical spraying in the event of a domestic outbreak of dengue fever. In addition, the structure, color, and location of box traps that maximize the capture rate were clarified, assuming indoor infestation by Cx pipiens form molestus and the possibility of physical control was presented.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_3_description_8":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"博士学位論文\n大学院畜産学研究科 獣医学専攻\nDoctoral Program of Veterinary Science","subitem_description_language":"ja","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_dissertation_number_13":{"attribute_name":"学位授与番号","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_dissertationnumber":"乙第13号"}]},"item_3_publisher_5":{"attribute_name":"公開者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"帯広畜産大学","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"}]},"item_3_rights_14":{"attribute_name":"権利","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_rights":"⻲崎 宏樹","subitem_rights_language":"ja"}]},"item_3_subject_20":{"attribute_name":"日本十進分類法","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"485","subitem_subject_scheme":"NDC"}]},"item_3_version_type_19":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_access_right":{"attribute_name":"アクセス権","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_access_right":"open access","subitem_access_right_uri":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"亀崎, 宏樹","creatorNameLang":"ja"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2023-04-24"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"kamezaki.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"2.6 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"全文　Full text","objectType":"fulltext","url":"https://obihiro.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4887/files/kamezaki.pdf"},"version_id":"cb6f3df7-0028-4497-b081-76d556030948"},{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2023-04-24"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"Abstract(kamezaki).pdf","filesize":[{"value":"161.9 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"全文の要旨　Abstract","url":"https://obihiro.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4887/files/Abstract(kamezaki).pdf"},"version_id":"e3179faf-7b4b-42c0-9ee6-ea7d6dae6516"},{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2023-04-24"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"Evaluation(kamezaki).pdf","filesize":[{"value":"316.0 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"Evaluation","url":"https://obihiro.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4887/files/Evaluation(kamezaki).pdf"},"version_id":"a340b515-068f-4765-bd6d-eb3aa1d6a5a2"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"doctoral thesis","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06"}]},"item_title":"わが国の屋内塵性ダニと人家周辺の蚊の生息・分布調査と物理的防除に関する実験的研究","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"わが国の屋内塵性ダニと人家周辺の蚊の生息・分布調査と物理的防除に関する実験的研究","subitem_title_language":"ja"}]},"item_type_id":"3","owner":"12","path":["8"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2023-04-24"},"publish_date":"2023-04-24","publish_status":"0","recid":"4887","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["わが国の屋内塵性ダニと人家周辺の蚊の生息・分布調査と物理的防除に関する実験的研究"],"weko_creator_id":"12","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2024-01-18T08:14:45.514289+00:00"}