@article{oai:obihiro.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004795,
 author = {Komamura, Riko and Koyama, Kohei and 小山, 耕平 and Yamauchi, Takeo and 山内, 健生 and Konno, Yasuo and Gu, Lingshuang},
 issue = {4},
 journal = {Forests},
 month = {},
 note = {application/pdf, (1) Background: Cardiocrinum cordatum (Thunb.) Makino (Liliaceae) is a forest perennial herb distributed in East Asia. Although flower visitors for this plant species have been well reported, their contribution to pollination remains unknown. (2) Methods: We evaluated pollination contribution for visitors of C. cordatum flowers in a natural cool temperate forest. We investigated visiting frequency, the number of pollen grains per body surface, fruit set, and the mean number of seeds per fruit produced after a single visit of each visiting species. Combining the results of these experiments, we determined the most important pollinators of this species. (3) Results: For the population investigated in the study, the three most essential pollinators were the bumblebee (Bombus diversus tersatus) (Apidae), sweat bee (Halictidae sp.), and marmalade hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus) (Syrphidae). Additionally, we found that the contribution of a flower-visiting ant species (Myrmica ruginodis Nylander (s.l.)) (Formicidae) is small. (4) Conclusions: Pollinator contributions differed among flower visitors. Our results underscore the insufficiency of current information about flower-visiting species to evaluate pollination contribution.},
 title = {Pollination Contribution Differs among Insects Visiting Cardiocrinum cordatum Flowers},
 volume = {12},
 year = {2021}
}