{"created":"2024-02-29T04:25:21.953029+00:00","id":2000129,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"6bd3d191-b04e-483c-9f12-220ad015cca9"},"_deposit":{"created_by":12,"id":"2000129","owner":"12","owners":[12],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"2000129"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:obihiro.repo.nii.ac.jp:02000129","sets":["74:75:1709088742149"]},"author_link":["108"],"control_number":"2000129","item_5_alternative_title_1":{"attribute_name":"その他（別言語等）のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"Agri-environmental schemes in EU and their effectiveness on biodiversity conservation","subitem_alternative_title_language":"en"}]},"item_5_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2023-11","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"104","bibliographicPageStart":"19","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"44","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"帯広畜産大学学術研究報告","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"}]}]},"item_5_description_19":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_language":"ja","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_5_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"ヨーロッパにおける農業環境事業 (Agri-environmental schemes) は、農業者がみずからの農地で行う環境の向上に資する行為にたいして、当該農業者に報酬を支給する環境支払いの一つである。EU 加盟の27 ヶ国だけでなく、EU 離脱後のイギリスや非加盟国のスイスやノルウェーでも実施されているので、農業環境事業は、ヨーロッパにおける広範囲な農業景観の生物多様性を保つ重要な政策手段となっている。農地はEU 全面積の42％を占めるため、農地での生物多様性の保全は、EU 全土における生物多様性の保全にも結びつく。このことから、農業環境事業は、EU 全域における生物多様性を保全するうえでも重要な役割を果たす。事業が導入されたのは1992 年である。第２次世界大戦後に急速に拡がった化学肥料や殺虫剤・枯草剤などの多投入と家畜の多頭飼育は農業の集約化を招き、農村の景観の美しさや生物多様性を喪失させただけでなく、農業起源の深刻な地下水汚染を引き起こした。これが農業にたいする危惧と厳しい世論をまきおこし、EU の共通農業政策（CAP）に対する一大改革であったマクシャリー改革（1992 年）に、現在につらなる農業環境事業が取り入れる圧力となった。事業は、農業景観とそこでの生物多様性の保全にくわえて、硝酸塩窒素による水系汚染の防止をEU 共通の主要な目標としている。一方、農業環境事業の実施設計は加盟国に任されているので、実施される内容や重点は加盟国によって様々である。北西ヨーロッパの加盟国の農業環境事業の共通点は、農業者が広く参加できるオプションと、対象となる環境や目的を絞った、より高度なオプションの２層から構成されていることである。ただイギリスの構成国の一つであるイングランドが生物多様性を前面に出しているのに対して、北西ヨーロッパの大陸諸国は農業の粗放化が前面に出ているという違いがある。イングランドでは多くの農家が参加できる第１層から生物多様性への対策を細かく規定するのに対して、大陸の諸国では第１層での生物多様性への対策は、粗放化による間接的なものが多いという点で蓋然的であり、より具体的には第２層が担う。農業環境事業には莫大な予算が投じられていて、その成否が欧州の生物多様性を守る上で極めて重要であることから、その有効性が厳しく問われている。このことを受けて、有機農業もしくは農業環境事業の有効性をメタアナリシスという分析手法によって総合的に検討した５つの論文は、有機農業であれ農業環境事業であれ、いずれも生物の種数もしくは存在量（個体数や質量）を有意に高めていることを確認した。","subitem_description_language":"ja","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"Agri-environmental schemes (AESs) are a sort of environmental payment that rewards farmers for their contribution to enhance environment and landscape values on their farm land. AESs implemented in EU are the major policy for the conservation of wild animals and plants in agricultural landscape. Since the agricultural land in EU accounts for 42% of its territorial area, the success of AESs is crucial to enhance biodiversity not only in farmed area but in whole land of EU. AESs are being operated in 28 member-countries of EU before withdrawal of UK and two non-member countries of EU, Swiss and Norway. The rapid intensification of agriculture after World War II deprived the farm land of biodiversity and caused contamination of underground water due to increased agri-chemical use and rearing greater number of livestock. These problems imposed the MacSharry reform on the adoption of AESs over the whole land of EU in 1992. AESs consist of two groups of options, one aims to extensificaton of farming and transition to organic farming, and the other aims to the protection of biodiversity on the farmland. The budget allocated to AEMs is so huge and important to protect biodiversity on the farmland that the efficacy of them has been widely examined. Five articles reviewed here analysed AESs and organic farming through meta-analyses whether they brought positive effects on enhancing biodiversity on the farmland, and all concluded AESs and organic farming effectively raise both/either species richness and/or abundance there.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_5_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.24556/0002000129","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_5_publisher_8":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"帯広畜産大学","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"}]},"item_5_rights_15":{"attribute_name":"権利","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_rights":"帯広畜産大学","subitem_rights_language":"ja"}]},"item_5_source_id_11":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AA11877585","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_5_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"13485261","subitem_source_identifier_type":"PISSN"}]},"item_5_subject_21":{"attribute_name":"日本十進分類法","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"610","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_5_version_type_20":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorAffiliations":[{"affiliationNameIdentifiers":[{"affiliationNameIdentifierScheme":"ISNI","affiliationNameIdentifierURI":"http://www.isni.org/isni/"}],"affiliationNames":[{"affiliationNameLang":"ja"}]}],"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Konno, Yasuo","creatorNameLang":"en"},{"creatorName":"紺野, 康夫","creatorNameLang":"ja"}],"familyNames":[{},{}],"givenNames":[{},{}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{},{},{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_access","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2024-02-29"}],"filename":"03_44_konno.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"2.2 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"fulltext","url":"https://obihiro.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000129/files/03_44_konno.pdf"},"version_id":"6576be5c-28a9-49fd-829c-74cfe6b5d126"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"CAP","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"マクシャリー改革","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"クロス・コンプライアンス","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"環境支払い","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"有機農業","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"EU における農業環境事業の概要と生物多様性保全におけるその有効性","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"EU における農業環境事業の概要と生物多様性保全におけるその有効性","subitem_title_language":"ja"}]},"item_type_id":"5","owner":"12","path":["1709088742149"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2024-02-29"},"publish_date":"2024-02-29","publish_status":"0","recid":"2000129","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["EU における農業環境事業の概要と生物多様性保全におけるその有効性"],"weko_creator_id":"12","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2024-02-29T05:50:20.139202+00:00"}