@article{oai:obihiro.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001190,
 author = {Aemiro, Ashagrie and Watanabe, Shota and Suzuki, Kengo and Hanada, Masaaki and 花田, 正明 and Umetsu, Kazutaka},
 journal = {Animal Feed Science and Technology},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {application/pdf, An in vitro study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Euglena (Euglena gracilis) on CH4 production, dry matter (DM) digestibility, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia N(NH3-N) concentration as well as on the protozoa population. The treatments considered were Euglena at concentrations of 0.0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 1000 g/kg dry matter (DM) of the substrate (60:40 forage: concentrate ratio) incubated for 24 and 96 h using an in vitro continuous gas production and in vitro two-stage digestion procedure, respectively. The data were subjected to polynomial regression analysis. Methane emissions (ml/g DM) decreased at an increasing rate, generally with increasing concentration of Euglena but also exhibited quadratic (P< 0.001) and cubic (P< 0.001) effects while NH3-N (mg/ml) concentration increased at an increasing rate (linear P < 0.001; quadratic P= 0.001; cubic P= 0.024). Total VFA concentration (mmol/l) decreased significantly (P< 0.001), when the substrate was totally replaced by Euglena. There was a linear (P< 0.001) and cubic (P= 0.047) reduction in protozoa population as the concentration of Euglena increased. In vitro DM digestibility was improved (linear P= 0.003; quadratic P=0.04; cubic P<0.001). These findings demonstrate that Euglena at concentration of 100 g/kg DM reduce CH4 emissions by 9.1% and improve DM digestibility by 14.3%. However, when the concentration of Euglena increases from 100 g/kg DM, while further reducing CH4 emissions, have negative effect on NH3-N concentration, protozoa population and VFA concentration.},
 pages = {129--135},
 title = {Effects of Euglena (Euglena gracilis) supplemented to diet (forage: concentrate ratios of 60:40) on the basic ruminal fermentation and methane emissions in in vitro condition},
 volume = {212},
 year = {2016}
}